by: Dr. Ashesh Bhushan
Rising pollution levels have become a critical concern globally, with children being among the most vulnerable to its adverse effects. Air pollution, in particular, can significantly impact ear, nose, and throat (ENT) health in young children. Developing bodies, immature immune systems, and prolonged exposure to pollutants make children more susceptible to ENT-related disorders, which can affect their overall well-being.
How Pollution Affects Children’s ENT Health
Airborne pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and sulphur dioxide can irritate the sensitive mucosal linings of children’s respiratory and ENT systems, leading to a range of health issues. Polluted air contaminated with allergens like dust, pollen, and industrial pollutants often triggers allergic rhinitis, causing frequent sneezing, nasal congestion, and itching. These pollutants can also inflame the nasal passages, resulting in acute or chronic sinusitis, characterized by persistent nasal blockages, headaches, and breathing difficulties.
Poor air quality exacerbates Eustachian tube dysfunction, increasing the risk of ear infections, which may impair hearing and speech development in younger children if left untreated. Additionally, exposure to polluted air irritates the throat, causing dryness, chronic coughing, and recurrent sore throats, making children more prone to infections like pharyngitis.
Recent Pollution Upsurge
The recent pollution upsurge, especially in North India provides a stark example of the severe effects of pollution on children’s ENT health. During winter, stubble burning, vehicular emissions, and industrial discharge combine with weather conditions to trap pollutants, cause dangerous spikes in Air Quality Index (AQI). Schools in heavily polluted regions like Delhi report increased absenteeism due to respiratory and ENT complaints among children during these months.
Paediatric ENT specialists in the region observe a significant rise in consultations for pollution-related issues, especially among younger patients. Children with pre-existing conditions such as asthma or allergies are at an even higher risk of complications.
Protecting Children’s ENT Health
While tackling the broader issue of pollution requires systemic changes, parents and caregivers can take proactive steps to protect their children’s ENT health. Monitoring air quality through AQI apps and limiting outdoor activities on high-pollution days can help reduce exposure. Maintaining clean indoor spaces and using air purifiers can further minimize the impact of pollutants at home.
Ensuring children stay hydrated helps keep their mucous membranes moist, while encouraging good nasal and ear hygiene can prevent irritations and infections. Providing well-fitted masks for outdoor use, especially in highly polluted areas, adds an extra layer of protection. Lastly, seeking timely medical advice from an ENT specialist for persistent symptoms can help address issues early and prevent complications.
Pollution poses a growing threat to children’s ENT health, with conditions like allergies, sinus infections, and ear issues becoming more prevalent. By taking proactive steps to minimize exposure and seeking timely medical care, parents can help safeguard their children from the harmful effects of polluted air. Addressing this crisis requires collective action to create cleaner, healthier environments for future generations.
Author is Senior Consultant – ENT Department, Yatharth Hospital, Greater Noida
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